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The central role of writing in Islamic societies led to calligraphy becoming the most important visual art form. Portable pen cases (Turkish: divit) were made with great care and became objects of art themselves. Examples from the Ottoman lands are…

This is made of cedar wood and was almost surely a handsome souvenir from the Holy Land, probably in the 1920s when it was under the British Mandate, but quite possibly a little earlier when still under Ottoman sovereignty. Cedar wood album covers…